GA 237 was originally established in the 1940's as a paved urban roadway. In 1960, the southern end of Piedmont Road was widened to a six-lane concrete roadway that is still in use today. Part of the purpose in that expansion was to accomodate early Atlanta growth funneling off of the then new I-85 north of downtown Atlanta.

In the late 70's and early 80's, two major changes occured along the route, the first was the designation of very short-lived GA 237 Connector, the sole banner route of GA 237. GA 237 Connector was a new route running east-west between Piedmont Road/GA 237 and Buford Highway/GA 13. The route opened originally in 1978 and the highway designation itself existed entirely in 1978, decommissioned later that year. The route, known as Sidney Marcus Boulevard, now functions as access from I-85 southbound to GA 400 northbound, where a partial exit was built to accomodate the lack of a full interchange at I-85.

GA 237 Connector, originally known as Marion Road and now known as Sidney Marcus Blvd, only existed in 1977 and 1978, and was decommissioned later that year. However, guide signs still direct traffic to the route from GA 237, and the highway still serves to get traffic from I-85 southbound to GA 400 northbound since no direct link exists. Also note on the map the GA 237 used to end slightly further south at Cheshire Bridge Road, then GA 13 (1978 GDOT Map).

GA 237 also extended south of where it ends today at Old I-85 (GA 13). In fact, it continuing south to Cheshire Bridge Road where Piedmont Road becomes Piedmont Avenue.  Cheshire Bridge was the former alignment of GA 13 before it was moved to Old I-85 and even earlier as U.S. 23. GA 237 was truncated back to Old I-85 in 1985 when GA 13 was relocated.