GA 307 was first commissioned in 1957 as a connector route from U.S. 17/GA 25 north to U.S. 80/GA 26. Fully paved when commissioned, the highway extended four miles. In 1966, GA 307 was extended north to GA 21, doubling the length of the highway. The initial extension was more winding then the route of today, but with no old alignments indicated, it is assumed these were simply removed or absorbed into airport expansion at what is today the Savannah-Hilton Head International Airport. The extension coincided with the construction of I-16, which has an interchange with the route and was completed from Savannah to U.S. 80 near Pembroke in 1968.

The extension of GA 307 also originally had a breif overlap with U.S. 80 with the extension not connecting to the older route. The older route joined U.S. 80 further west than the extension and was later relocated. The old route is today Old Dean Forest Road (C.R. 17). The relocation of this intersection was completed in 1971 with the winding area near the airport realigned to the smoother alignment of today around 1980.

GA 307 was extended its final time in 1974, this time extending the route to then U.S. 17 and GA 25 between Port Wentworth and Garden City. The completion of the route to GA 25 created a full by-pass west of Savannah for U.S. 17 at the time. In 1982, the majority of GA 307 from I-16 north to U.S. 17/GA 25 was widened to five lanes as well. GA 307 today is a modern urban by-pass for Savannah, but the process took 25 years to complete.